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 1892 - 1941 (48 years)
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| Name |
Robert Nussbaum |
| Born |
30 May 1892 |
Strasbourg, Germany  |
| Gender |
Male |
| Died |
15 Apr 1941 |
Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Preusen, Germany |
- Robert Nussbaum (born May 30, 1892 in Strasbourg ; died April 15, 1941 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a German doctor and philanthropist.
Robert Nussbaum was born as the son of the Jewish professor of anatomy and biology Moritz Nussbaum and his wife Ida, b. Koppel, born in Alsace, Germany at that time. He was an uncle of the journalist Peter Scholl-Latour.
After graduating from high school, he joined the Infantry Regiment 132 in Strasbourg on April 1, 1914 as a one-year volunteer, with whom he went to the First World War. As early as August 1914, he received the Iron Cross 2nd class from Corps commander von Deimling personally due to bold patrol undertakings. In mid-1915 he was transferred as a junior physician to Infantry Regiment 143 off Ypres and stayed there until the beginning of the Battle of Verdun when he was wounded. On November 21, 1918, he was released from military service. As chief physician of the fortress hospital in Strasbourg, he continued to look after the wounded and sick in Alsace until the hospital was closed by the French military authorities and the Germans expelled.
Robert Nussbaum then studied medicine in Tubingen , in order to obtain a Dr. med. worked in the Esslingen hospital until 1922, where he excelled in child care. After a short period in Dusseldorf, he became the first assistant doctor for infant and child protection in Dortmund . There he made himself available to the headquarters of the passive resistance during the occupation of the Ruhr, but had to leave the Ruhr area at the end of March 1923 because of imminent arrest.
Following that, Nussbaum lived and worked as a city doctor in Minden. In particular, he took care of alcoholics and tuberculosis sufferers. He served poor families not only medically. On January 29, 1932, he was appointed up to December 31, 1935 as a medical officer of the supply court. He was a member of the SPD and since his youth a member of the Wandervogels (treasurer in 1917) and the later Kronachbund.
After the "seizure of power" by the NSDAP, on August 31, 1933, because of his membership in the SPD, he was forbidden from exercising his mandate as a member of the Parents 'Council of Citizens' School II by a police order. On February 28, 1934, the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of the Minden District informed him that as a "non-Aryan" doctor he could not take part in Sunday service, while on November 6, 1934 he was awarded the Cross of Honor for Frontline Fighters.
In February 1937 there was a dispute with two Minden doctor colleagues who had asked two restaurant owners to deny access to Nussbaum's patients. This quickly led to measures and a lawsuit by the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Germany (KVD), against which Nussbaum lodged a complaint. The two doctors sued him for insult. In two trials in May and June 1937 it condemned the Minden Schoffengericht due to questionable evidence to fines, the defendant and the plaintiffs while calling men casting. In August 1937, the Large Criminal Chamber of the Bielefeld Regional Court rejected the appeal and sentenced the accused to prison of a month. However, Nussbaum had already been arrested on July 14, 1937 and taken into "protective custody". He was never released again. In a further court case for "racial disgrace" on the basis of statements by a mentally ill person, the Bielefeld criminal chamber sentenced him to a prison sentence of three years and three years of loss of honor with a ban on practicing as a doctor for a period of five years. On the other hand, Nussbaum and his defense immediately appealed to the Imperial Court in Leipzigone that actually overturned the judgment and referred the proceedings back to the Bielefeld Regional Court. There Nussbaum was again sentenced to three years in prison. To cover the various process costs, Nussbaum's entire property had to be sold.
At the urging of Robert Nussbaum's mother, Ida Nussbaum in Kassel , a pardon was drawn up and submitted on July 15, 1940 by Nussbaum's wife Dora (n?e Quirin, 1894-1944), with rejection on August 28, 1940. After serving the prison sentence on On February 14, 1941, Robert Nussbaum was taken back into police custody and sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. His last letter to his family is dated April 13, 1941.
His widow continued to live very secluded in Minden and looked after herself and her son Heinrich (* 1924). The siblings G?nter (* 1925) and Anneliese (* 1928) had already moved to England at the end of the 1930s. On March 3, 1943 , the Bielefeld Special Court sentenced Dora Nussbaum to one year in prison on the basis of a denunciation . She served the sentence from May 10, 1943 to May 16, 1944 and had to pay RM 546 for this stay . During the bombing raid on November 6, 1944, she was killed in her house at Steinstrasse 9 in Minden and buried in row graves with 107 other victims in the Minden North Cemetery.
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Robert Nussbaum was born on 30th May, 1892, in Strasbourg which at that time was part of the German Reich. His parents, Moritz and Ida Nussbaum nee Koppel, were both Grammar School Professors. He had a sister and his family were part of the Jewish Community.
Robert Nussbaum was studying medicine when he, in 1914, volunteered for the Military. He took part in the First World War as a private soldier and later as a student doctor. He was wounded and was awarded the Iron Cross. After his demobilisation from the Military in November 1918 he worked in the Strasbourg Hospital as a volunteer. In 1919 Strasbourg became French Elsass and he was expelled because he was German. He completed his medicinal studies in Tubingen and worked as a Doctor in Esslingen, Dusseldorf and Dortmund, where his main subject was Paediatrics. In 1923 he took part in passive resistance against French occupation in the Ruhr Valley and because of the threat of arrest fled to Minden.
From 1923 Robert Nussbaum lived with his wife, Dora nee Quinn, in Minden. Dora Nussbaum was a Christian and had three children, Heinrich, born in 1924, Gunter, born in 1925 and Anneliese born in 1928. The family first lived at Konigstrasse 74 and later moved to Steinstrasse 9, at it's junction with Stiftstrasse, with the rooms of the Doctor's practice being in the house.
Robert Nussbaum was a member of the German Socialist Party (SPD) and the vicar, Wilhelm Mensching, described him as being a social minded, energetic person with a high sense of responsibility and commitment, willing to treat alcoholics and TB patients. He was respected, loved and held in high esteem. Even in 1923 he was appointed the towns official Doctor and in 1932 was appointed the Doctor responsible at the Public Courts.
The harassment of Robert Nussbaum began with the power takeover of the Nazis because he was a Jew and a Social Democrat. In 1933 he was excluded from the parents committee of the Infants School at the suggestion of the Police because he was a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was excluded from Sunday duties by the local Association of General Practitioners for not being Aryan. In 1937 he was anonymously accused of insulting colleagues which was accompanied by disciplinary action from the German Medical Board. Two of his Minden colleagues submitted complaints against him but offered to retract them if he left Minden. He refused to leave and denied the offence at the Magistrates Court. He was found guilty of the accusation and was fined, with the option of a prison sentence. Robert Nussbaum appealed against the sentence and was arrested on the 14th July, 1937, before the court hearing. He would, until his death on 15th April, 1941, never again be free. In August, 1937, his appeal was thrown out of court. Robert Nussbaum was sentenced to one month in Prison.
At the end of 1937 Robert Nussbaum was accused of a racial violation by a patient. The Police described the female patient as rather disturbed and a Doctor called to assess her described her as a Psychopath. In the County Court in Bielefeld, in the spring of 1938, Robert Nussbaum denied the accusation but was given a three year prison sentence, a three year loss of trust and banned from practicing medicine for five years. He appealed and on 30th May, 1938, the High Court quashed the sentence and sent the case back to the County Court, which again sentenced him to three years in prison on 11th September, 1938.
Robert Nussbaum was imprisoned, in Munster and in Kassel from December 1938 until February 1941. During this time his wife and mother made several appeals for leniency on his behalf and applied for permission for him to emigrate with the family. On the 14th February, 1941, Robert Nussbaum was released from prison after serving his sentence and was immediately sent to the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen. He died there on the 15th April, 1941, in unexplained circumstances. The official diagnosis was pleurisy.
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| Buried |
Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Preusen, Germany |
Address:
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Pre |
| Person ID |
I90604 |
Lasbury Family |
| Last Modified |
10 Jan 2024 |
| Wife |
Dora Quirin
b. 10 Apr 1894, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
d. 6 Nov 1944, Minden, Westfalen, Germany (Age 50 years) |
| Children |
| | 1. Heinrich Heinz Nussbaum
b. 22 Mar 1924, Minden, Westfalen, Germany
d. 30 Aug 2009, Minden, Westfalen, Germany (Age 85 years) |
| | 2. Gunter Nussbaum
b. 28 May 1925, Minden, Westfalen, Germany
d. 26 Apr 1981, Emborough, Somerset, England, UK (Age 55 years) |
| | 3. Anneliese Nussbaum
b. 9 Mar 1928, Minden, Westfalen, Germany
d. 18 Mar 2009 (Age 81 years) |
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| Last Modified |
10 Jan 2024 |
| Family ID |
F37672 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
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| Event Map |
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 | Born - 30 May 1892 - Strasbourg, Germany |
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 | Died - 15 Apr 1941 - Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Preusen, Germany |
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| Buried - Address:
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Pre - - Niederbarnim, Brandenburg, Preusen, Germany |
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